Late outcomes of strategic arch resection in acute type A aortic dissection

Objective

To compare perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemiarch and aggressive arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

The Impact of Covert Lacunar Infarcts and White Matter Hyperintensities on Cognitive and Motor Outcomes After Stroke

Background and Aims

In addition to overt stroke lesions, co-occurring covert lesions, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and covert lacunar infarcts (CLI), contribute to poststroke outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between covert lesions, and motor and cognitive outcomes in individuals with chronic stroke.

Low bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy? A systematic review

Purpose: Non-ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy are prone to low bone mineral density. In ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy, bone mineral density deficits are expected to be small or absent, but a consensus conclusion is lacking. In this systematic review bone mineral density in ambulatory persons with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification Scales I–III) was studied.

Materials and methods: Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. According to international guidelines, low bone mineral density was defined as Z-score?≤??2.0. In addition, we focused on Z-score?≤??1.0 because this may indicate a tendency towards low bone mineral density.

Results: We included 16 studies, comprising 465 patients aged 1–65?years. Moderate and conflicting evidence for low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??2.0) was found for several body parts (total proximal femur, total body, distal femur, lumbar spine) in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scales II and III. We found no evidence for low bone mineral density in children with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale I or adults, although there was a tendency towards low bone mineral density (Z-score?≤??1.0) for several body parts.

Conclusions: Although more high-quality research is needed, results indicate that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with cerebral palsy.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Although more high-quality research is needed, including adults and fracture risk assessment, the current study indicates that deficits in bone mineral density are not restricted to non-ambulatory people with CP.

• Health care professionals should be aware that optimal nutrition, supplements on indication, and an active lifestyle, preferably with weight-bearing activities, are important in ambulatory people with CP, also from a bone quality point-of-view.

• If indicated, medication and fall prevention training should be prescribed.

     

癫痫患者动态脑血流自动调节功能研究

目的 探究癫痫患者的dCA功能。 方法 研究纳入100例癫痫患者和100例年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组，分别测定其 dCA功能。采用TCD联合无创指尖血压监测法分别连续采集受试者双侧MCA脑血流速度（cerebral blood flow velocity，CBFV）和动脉血压（arterial blood pressure，ABP）信号。将采集的CBFV和ABP信号经 过传递函数法（transfer function analysis，TFA）分析，得出dCA参数（相位差和增益）。 结果 癫痫患者的总体相位差显著低于正常对照组（P =0.046），提示其dCA功能受损。此外，合并 发作间期慢波的患者其相位差更低（P =0.012），dCA功能受损更明显。EEG表现为局灶性放电的患者 与表现为多灶性放电的患者的相位差无显著性差异。同样，在EEG表现为单侧放电的患者中，其放电 侧大脑半球与放电对侧大脑半球的相位差也无显著性差异。通过单因素和多因素回归模型分析临床 因素与dCA参数的关系，发现发作间期慢波与相位差受损独立相关（P =0.016）。 结论 癫痫患者的dCA功能受损，而痫样放电合并发作间期慢波患者dCA受损更明显。dCA功能与癫 痫患者的放电类型、放电部位无关。发作间期慢波是癫痫患者dCA功能受损的独立预测因素。 临床研究注册号 NCT02775682     

The effects of dual tasks on gait in children with cerebral palsy

AimTo assess the gait and cognitive performances of children with cerebral palsy (CP) during dual tasks (DT) in comparison to typically developing (TD) children.MethodThis prospective, observational, case-control study included 18 children with CP (7 girls, 11 boys; median age 12 [10:13] years and 19 controls (9 girls, 10 boys; median age 12 [10:13y6mo] years). Performances were recorded during a simple walking task, 5 DT (walking + cognitive tasks with increasing cognitive load), and 5 simple cognitive tasks (while sitting). Gait parameters were computed using an optoelectronic system during walking tasks. Six parameters were selected for analysis by a principal component analysis. Cognitive performance was measured for each cognitive task. The dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated for each DT.ResultsGait performance decreased in both groups as DT cognitive load increased (e.g., walking speed normalized by leg length, in simple task: 1.25 [1.15:1.46] s⁻¹ for CP, 1.53 [1.38:1.62] s⁻¹ for TD; DT with highest load: 0.64 [0.53:0.80] s⁻¹ for CP, 0.95 [0.75:1.08] s⁻¹ for TD). The CP group performed significantly worse than TD group in every task (including the simple task), but DTC were similar in both groups. A task effect was found for the majority of the gait parameters.InterpretationThe reduced gait performance induced by DT may generate underestimated difficulties for children with CP in daily-life situations, where DT are common. This should be considered in clinical assessments.     

Angiopathie amyloïde cérébrale ou atteinte des microvaisseaux cérébraux en rapport avec l’HTA : un challenge clinique

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a entity characterized by degenerative Amyloïd deposits in the walls of the meningeal and cortical vessels. It is considered as the second cause of primitives cerebral hemorrhage in elderly. The differential diagnosis between AAC and hypertension-related cerebral small vessel diseases is difficult and represent a true challenge for the clinician. We report two cases of cerebral small vessel diseases revealed by malignant hypertension.     

Barriers and characteristics for successful transition to adult healthcare for individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common childhood disability. However, these individuals are now living longer lives, participating in adult roles, and seeking healthcare services. The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare for adolescents with CP is a challenging yet significant time. Adolescents experience several barriers during transition.

Objectives: To utilize the environmental and personal dimensions of the ICF model in order to explore barriers when transitioning to adulthood as well as discuss characteristics and physical therapy implications needed to succeed within transition.

Methods: Electronic searching of PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library databases was concluded on January 9, 2019 for studies including transition between pediatric and adult healthcare in individuals diagnosed with CP. Two independent reviewers agreed upon inclusion, eligibility, and quality assessment of each study using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).

Results: Seven studies were included in the systematic review. Results for each study were separated based on the personal and environmental contextual factors of the ICF model and solutions to the barriers were then discussed.

Conclusions: Research has provided proposed solutions to select barriers, however, other barriers have yet to be addressed. More research is needed to address these barriers and provide a model program that can be implemented within the healthcare systems to promote a successful transition for adolescents with CP from pediatric to adult services.     

电针对脑缺血大鼠侧脑室室管膜下区巢蛋白表达的影响

目的观察电针对脑缺血大鼠侧脑室室管膜下区巢蛋白(Nestin)表达的影响,探讨不同针刺处方防治脑缺血作用机制。方法大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针1组、电针2组。电针1组电针双侧“丰隆”(ST40)(2/100 Hz,1~3 mA),每天1次,每次30分钟,连续治疗7天;第8天,电针1、2组和模型组用50%FeCl 3滤纸贴敷大脑中动脉20分钟造成脑血栓模型,术后电针1、2组电针ST40、“百会”(GV20),每天1次,连续7天。术后1天利用神经功能缺损评分法(neurological deficit score,NDS)进行行为学检测,苏木素伊红染色观察缺血半暗带组织形态,免疫组化法检测缺血侧侧脑室室管膜下区Nestin的表达。结果模型组大鼠NDS升高(P<0.05),缺血半暗带神经细胞水肿明显,神经元核固缩,术后侧脑室室管膜下区Nestin面密度升高,持续至术后7天(P<0.01)。电针治疗后神经功能缺损评分降低(P<0.05),缺血半暗带神经细胞水肿减轻,细胞形态趋于正常,电针1、2组侧脑室背外侧角Nestin表达均增高,从术后1天(电针1组P<0.01,电针2组P<0.05)持续至术后7天(P<0.01),电针组侧脑室外侧壁Nestin表达在术后1天升高(P<0.01),术后7天升高差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。电针1、2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但趋势上电针1组高于电针2组。结论电针可改善脑缺血后神经功能,减轻缺血性脑损伤,促进侧脑室室管膜下区神经干细胞增殖,促进脑损伤后神经修复,在脑缺血前进行电针治疗效果更佳。